The totality of phrases that a student of a foreign language has memorized and is ready to use at any time in the relevant communication environment.

Τhe part of speech that expresses an action or activity and from the point of view of syntax is the most basic element of a sentence as it functions as a connective element to the subject, object, predicate and maybe an adverb that qualifies its meaning.

The verb that doesn’t take an object. E.g. The children left.

A verb is considered irregular when it does not follow the normal morphological rules (the usual endings) in order to form its tenses. E.g. The past tense of the verb observe is observed (the verb is regular). However, the past tense of the verb see is saw (irregular).

In Greek it is the verb that has a passive ending in –ομαι, but is not passive although morphologically it follows the rules of the passive verbs (as to the way it is inflected). There are quite a few such verbs, which usually do not have an equivalent active verb in –ω. The peculiarity with these verbs is the fact that many of them are also transitive (take an object). E.g. Πολλοί ξένοι επισκέπτονται τη Θεσσαλονίκη κάθε χρόνο. It is obvious that this sentence cannot be considered passive.

The verb that is used almost exclusively in the third person singular. Such verbs are those associated with the weather: it rains, it snows, it gets dark, etc.

The verb that helps us form the tenses of other verbs. In English such verbs are the verbs have and be. The verb have helps us form the present perfect, the past perfect and the future perfect. The verb be helps in the formation of the continuous tenses and the passive voice.

The verb that takes an object. E.g. Yesterday I saw two friends. It is raining, so open your umbrella.